Final Products

Solid biofuels (Bio-char)

Required Inputs

Sorting, shredding, torrefaction, pelletizing operations units

Competing Products

Solid fossil fuel (Coal mostly)

Complexity – Type of Process

Thermal treatment (Torrefaction)

Technology

Sorting, shredding, torrefaction, pelletizing operations units

Equipment and Material

Torrefaction reactors, combustor, cooler, densification equipment

Human Resources

Manual labor, engineers

Competitive Advantage

High demand and high calorific value

Barriers to Entry

Securing large amounts of supply

Key Stakeholders

Local farmers to providing agricultural waste as biomass, factories providing waste as biomass, factories as energy consumers, local waste traders

Special Regulations

NA

Risks and Mitigation Measures

High power of suppliers and possible competition with them in case they tried to copy the business. Mitigation measures are diversification of supply

Revenue Stream

Sales of bio-char

CAPEX

The inputs and technology would cost an average of 3.6M EGP

Note: This CAPEX represents the indicative investment size, however, this investment opportunity can grow in implementation to a larger-sized investment.

Investment Size

Small (between 500k-5M EGP)

Location of Supply

Supply is mostly in Delta region and Upper Egypt

Preferred operation regions

Ismailia, Delta Region, Upper Egypt